Knee Replacement, also known as Knee Arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or severely arthritic knee joint is replaced with an artificial joint, called a prosthesis. This procedure is typically performed to relieve pain, improve mobility, and enhance the overall quality of life for individuals who have significant knee joint damage or degenerative conditions, such as Osteoarthritis or Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The procedure involves the removal of damaged or diseased parts of the knee joint, including Femur (ends of the thigh bone), Tibia (shine bone) and Patella (underside of the kneecap). These parts are then replaced with artificial components made from metal, plastic, or a combination of materials. The artificial components are designed to replicate the functions of a healthy knee joint.

There are different types of knee replacement procedures, including Total Knee Replacement (where all three parts of the knee joint are replaced), Partial Knee Replacement (replacing only one part of the knee), and Revision Knee Replacement (replacing a previous knee replacement that has failed or worn out). The choice of the specific procedure depends on the extent and location of the knee joint damage.

Knee replacement surgery is typically recommended after conservative treatments, such as medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications, have proven ineffective in relieving pain and improving knee function. It is major surgical procedure that requires careful evaluation by a medical professional to determine if it is the most appropriate course of action for an individual's condition. 

The primary goals of knee replacement surgery are to:

Alleviate pain: Knee replacement can significantly reduce or eliminate the pain and discomfort associated with a damaged or diseased knee joint.

Restore mobility: By replacing the damaged joint with a prosthetic one, individuals can regain a greater range of motion and improve their ability to perform daily activities.

Improve overall quality of life: Knee replacement surgery can enhance a person's overall quality of life by allowing them to lead a more active and pain-free lifestyle.